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APLASIA

n. the failure of an organ or bodily tissue to grow- or interruption to the growth process. See also agenesis.

APOSTILB

a unit of luminance that is equal to the luminance of a uniform diffuser that is emitting 1/tt cd/nr.

APPETITION SYSTEM

extraversion: as represented by an individual's relative sensitivity to appetitive (positive, rewarding) cues and stimuli and his or her behavioral

APPRAISAL THEORY

an overarching name for a group of theories, stating that people's cognitive appraisals or evaluations of a situation determine the

APRAXIA

refers to the loss or absence of the ability to perform learned purposeful movements, for example, dressing oneself or driving

ARACHNOID GRANULATIONS

a series of extensions found in the middle layer of the meninges (arachnoid mater) and throughout the outer layer (dura

ARCHITECTURAL INNATCNESS

This refers to the level at which architecture is innate. Compare with chronotopic constraints.

ARGUMENT

n. 1. a sequence of propositions that together provide logical reasons for accepting the resulting conclusion as valid or true.

ARMED FORCES QUALIFICATION TEST (AFQT)

the original screening test developed in 1950 by the Department of Defense in order to determine a person

AROUSAL REGULATION

the controlling of cognitive and physiological activation using natural or cognitive-behavioral methods. See also autogenic training.

ART TEST

a test designed to identify specialized abilities in the fine arts (e.g., painting, architecture). It may be used to assess

ARTICULATION DISORDER

refers to any disorder of speech involving the substitution, omission, distortion, or addition of basic speech sounds (phonemes). See also

ARTIFICIAL SELECTION

human intervention in animal or plant reproduction to improve the value or utility of succeeding generations of the species. Compare

ASEXUAL

1. lacking fundamental sexual characteristics or drive. 2. Also means capable of reproduction without fertilization. This type of reproduction occurs

ASPIRIN COMBINATIONS

Refers to drug mixtures that include aspirin as one of the components. Commonly other analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen, codeine, propoxyphene), stimulants

ASSISTIVE SOFTWARE

computer programs that are specially designed to enable individuals with disabilities to use the applications. For example, a screen reader,

ASSOCIATIONIST

n. a psychological theorist who believes that the process of learning and higher-order functioning can be described as the acquisition,

ASSUMED ROLE

a behavioral role adopted by a person who accepts a particular social position or status, with the belief that his

ASTROCYTOMA

n. a tumor composed only of neuroglial cells (see neuroglia). The tumor is provided a classification from Grade 1 to

ASYNERGIA

n. refers to the faulty coordination of muscle groups involved in the performance of complex motor movements, for example, standing,