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The controversial ytreatment that induces a seizure in a patient by passing an electric current through the templs.

Defense mechanism. Where indifferent and detached responses are made in frustrating situations.

Relating to the knowledge of epistemology and the desire for knowledge.

Sexual pleasure associated with a restriction of breathing. See asphyxophilia- autoerotic sphyxiation.

Process that has developed intelligence from earlier and simpler species to later and more complex species.

Used by anthropologists who study community as a way of life.

The primary symptoms of epilepsy, alterations of consciousness in association with convulsive movements, are produced by disturbances in the electrical discharges of the brain...

1. Memory activation that uses a cue of some sort for retrieval. 2. Process of reviving a memory using stimulus.

A punishment to the wrongdoer who is made to suffer in proportion to the severity of wrongdoing. Compare reciprocal punishment.

The network of membranous tubules and sacs extending from the nucleus to the outer membrane of a typical animal or plant cell.