ELECTROSHOCK THERAPY (Elec- troconvulsive Therapy; EST, ECT)
Convulsive therapy was originated by the Hungarian psychiatrist, Ladislaus J. Meduna in 1935, after he had noted that epilepsy and…
ESQUIROL, JEAN (1772-1840)
Es- quirol, an early exponent of the functional point of view and of humane treatment in psychiatry, was born in…
ELIMINATION DRIVES
The physical and developmental facts about urination and defecation are simple and clear-cut as compared to the amount of theory…
EARLY INFANTILE AUTISM
A psychotic disorder of infancy characterized by stereotyped behavior and a total lack of response or relationship to other people.The…
EBBINGHAUS, HERMANN (1850- 1909)
In his work on memory, Ebbinghaus suggested many principles and methods that have been incorporated in modern psychology. He invented…
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES
Ecology is the scientific study of the mutual relations between organisms and their environment.Ecological research on animals and plants focuses…
EGO PSYCHOTHERAPY
A therapeutic approach developed by Paul Federn and his disciple Edoardo Weiss, based upon the theory that mental disturbance involves…
EXTRAPSYCHIC
is an experience or object which occurs and develops outside the normally spectrum of the mind and body, typically seen…
EXTRINSIC REINFORCER
is the binary opposite to an intrinsic reinforcer. An extrinsic reinforcer is directly related to the reward which stems from…
EYE-VOICE SPAN
is similar to reading span, in that the eye-voice span, when reading aloud, is the physical distance (relative to a…
EXTRAPSYCHIC CONFLICT
is conflict which is attributed between the environment an individual is placed in and their own minds. It is considered…
EXTRINSIC RELIGION
is the binary opposite of intrinsic religion. Extrinsic religion primarily concerns itself with the social and moral obligations to those…
EYEWITNESS MEMORY
refers to an individual's unique recollection of a specific event or occurance from memory, typically associated with criminal events, such…
EXTRAPUNITIVE
with respect to reactive measures, can be actions which are directed at an individual who is perceived to be the…
EXTRINSIC REWARD
is the binary opposite of intrinsic rewards. Extrinsic rewards are given to those after the observation of behaviours or conditions…
EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
is testable evidence which is typically given under oath in a court of law by an individual who will offer…
EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DYSKINESIA
an umbrella term used to describe dyskinesias, otherwise understood as voluntary movements. Examples of these include; tremors, spasms, tics, rigidity…