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DREAM INTERPRETATION (Historical)

The belief that dreams have a special significance is practically universal. They have been an object of curiosity in all

DREAM INTERPRETATION (Modern)

As the preceding topic indicates, many provocative ideas on dreams were “in the air” at the turn of the twentieth

DREAM-STATE (D-STATE, REM- STATE)

A state of the organism that occurs during dreaming, recently found to be physiologically distinct from both the ordinary sleep

DRUG ADDICTION

Compulsive dependence on the use of narcotic drugs.Drug addiction is characterized not merely by persistent use of a drug, but

DRUG INTOXICATION

A number of medical drugs have been found to produce mental symptoms when taken in excessive doses over long periods.

DYNAMIC APPROACH

Dynamic psychology and psychiatry approach the study of human behavior by examining underlying forces of motivation. This approach contrasts with

DYNAMICS (PSYCHODYNAMICS)

The force or pattern of forces which gives rise to a particular psychological event or condition, such as an act,

DYNAMISM (Mental Dynamism)

A psychological device used to protect the ego; a defense mechanism, such as compensation or rationalization.Defense mechanism is the more

DYSAUTONOMIA (Familial Dysauto- nomia)

Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, believed to result from an obscure brain defect. The condition tends to run in

DYSSOCIAL REACTION

A “socio- pathic” personality disorder in which the individual adopts a delinquent or criminal way of life as a result

DESCARTES, RENE (1596-1650)

Though primarily a philosopher and mathematician, Descartes nevertheless had a profound influence on the development of psychology. Bom in La

DESCRIPTIVE PSYCHIATRY

A systematic approach to psychiatry based upon the observation, study, and classification of directly observable symptoms and clinical patterns. It

DETECTION THEORY

An explanation of the way signals are perceived against a background of noise.The psychological study of signal detection is an

DETERIORATION (Mental Deterioration)

In psychiatry, deterioration denotes a progressive impairment or decline of intellectual and personality functions such as memory, reasoning, concentration, communication,

DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

The basic tasks which must be mastered at each stage of life if the individual is to achieve normal development

DEWEY, JOHN (1859-1952)

Dewey, who was to become pre-eminent in three fields—philosophy,and education—was bom in Vermont, and graduated from the state university at

DIABETIC REACTIONS

The weakness, excessive thirst, loss of weight, and other symptoms characterizing diabetes mellitus are due to low sugar metabolism resulting

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN EDUCATION

In contrast to achievement tests, diagnostic tests are designed to analyze individual performance and identify special disabilities. Most of these

DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY (Individual Differences)

An area of psychology concerned with behavioral differences between individuals and groups of individuals—including, among others, sex, race, nationality, cultural

DIRECT ANALYSIS

A therapeutic approach developed by John Rosen, in which an attempt is made to understand and communicate directly with the