Neurology

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DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS

Operant conditioning. A stimulus that increases the probablity of a response.

DISTAL STIMULUS

The object that acts or stimulates a sense organ. Also called distal variable. Compare proximal stimulus.

DOMINANCE

1. Exercising an influence over others. 2. Tendency for one hemisphere of our brain to exert a greater influence. 3.

DSM-IV-TR

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

DYNAMIC INTERACTIONISM

A model of behaviour and personality where development depends on a continuous and reciprocal interaction with the environment.

ECHOPRAXIA

The automatic imitation of another person's gestures and movements. Also called echomatism- echomimia.

EFFORT JUSTIFICATION

The phenomenom where people evaluate a task more favourably when it involves something difficult or unpleasant. See cognitive dissonance theory-

EGO-DYSTONIC

Psychoanalytical theory. Where we describe impulses wishes and thoughts that are repugnant to the ego and self.

EMBEDDEDNESS OF AN ATTITUDE

The extent where an attitude is linked to other cognitive structures in memory. See attitude system- belief system- interattitudinal consistency.

EMPIRICAL GROUNDING

Practice of anchoring theoretical terms to scientifically measurable events.

ENCODING

Converting sensory input into a form able to be processed and deposited in the memory.

ENTITATIVITY

The extent that a group is consideredd to be one entity rather than a group of many individual entities. Also

EPINEPHRINE

A catecholamine neurotransmitter and adrenal hormone that is the end product of metabolising tyrosine. Also called adrenaline.

ERRORLESS LEARNING

Method of learning where errors are eliminated by training.

EVALUATION OBJECTIVE

Any purposes of evaluating a program.

EXISTENTIAL CRISIS

1. A stage or turning point where the person is faced with finding meaning and purpose in life. 2. A

EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHESIS

The premise describing what the experimenter hopes to achieve.

EXTERNAL BOUNDARY

Boundary between the ego and external reality that is different from the internal boundary between the ego and id. Also

LEARNING THEORY

A theory which sets out to explain the learning process itself. This term is actually an umbrella term for smaller

LEXICAL HYPOTHESIS

the theory that important natural characteristics and traits unique to individuals have become intrinsically embedded in our natural-language lexicon over