Schizophrenia

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NEGATIVE-STATE-RELIEF MODEL

is the theory that helping behaviour is used during times of stress and anxiety to avoid negative moods.

NULL HYPOTHESIS

the statement postulating an experiment will find no variations between the control and experimental states, which is, no union between

OPERANT CONDITIONING

initially explained by B.F. Skinner, the procedure wherein behavioral alterations take place as an act of the consequences of behavior.

OVERLOAD

noun. a psychological state wherein scenarios and encounters are so mentally, perceptually, and emotionally arousing that they drain or even

PASTORAL COUNSELING

a type of counseling or psychotherapy wherein knowledge and standards stemming from the disciplines of theology and the behavioral sciences

PERSONAL ADJUSTMENT

1. acclimation by someone to occupational and residential conditions within their community and family, particularly with regard to cultural interactions

PLACEBO EFFECT

a clinically substantial reaction to a therapeutically inert compound or non-particular remediation. It is now recognized that placebo effects comes

DETACHMENT

1. Feeling of emotional freedom coming from a lack of involvement. 2. Objectivity to consider a problem on its merits.

DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF OTHER BEHAVIOR (DRO)

Used to decrease the rate of a targeted response. Also called ommission training.

DISPERSION

The degree that a group of scores deviate from the mean. Also called spread.

DSM-IV-TR

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

EFFECT SIZE

The size of an effect in a study. See combing effect sizes- statistical significance.

EMOTIONAL IMMATURITY 1

1. Expressing emotions without restraint. 2. Lay term for maladjustment.

EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE

1. Philosophy. Knowledge gained from experience. 2. Sciences. Knowledge gained from experiment and observation. See empiricism.

ETHNICITY

The categorisation socially based on a person's ethnic group. See ethnic identity.

EXPERIMENTER EFFECT

One of 2 errors. (a) errors from the experimenter, (b) the bias from effects of the participants. See experimenter bias-

LIFE-CHANGE UNIT (LCU)

a unit of measurement which is found on the life-events rating scale. The life-events rating scale assigns values to potential

MANNERISM

a habitual facial expression or movement classed as characteristic of an individual.

MEDITATION

is considered an exercise during which the individual enters an extended state of contemplation and reflection over a specific subject

METHODOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM

is a strand of behaviourism which acknowledges the reality of conscious events but suggests the only way of studying them