Substance Abuse Disorders

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DISORGANIZED BEHAVIOR

Any behaviour that is self contradictory or inconsistent.

DOPAMINE (DA)

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter with a vital role in several functions of the brain: sleep, mood, motivation, behavior, reward, cognition,

DYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY

Technique used in psychotherapy focusing on underlying motivational or defensive factors determining behaviour an dadjustment. See depth therapy.

EGOCENTRISM

The tendency to emphasise your own needs and focuses in a group situation you belong to.

EMOTIONAL MATURITY

Using the appropriate level of emotional expession and control. See emotional immaturity.

ENABLING

1. Way of encouraging a person to meet their own needs and desires. 2. Process where aperson unwittingly aids a

ETHICAL DILEMMA

The situation where 2 moral principles are in conflict. This is used to assess moral beliefs or moral reasoning skills.

EXPERIENCE

1. The conscious event. 2. Present content of consciousness. 3. An event resulting in earning.

EXTERNALIZATION

1. defense mechanism where our thoughts and feelings are attributed to the external world. 2. Process of learning to distinguish

LIKERT SCALE

a scale which measures a perceived opinion of an object by a participant by using statements which reflect either a

MANIPULATION CHECK

A sub-test to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the experimental design used in a study.

MEDIATING BEHAVIOR

behaviours that can increase the rate or more likely increase the probability of reinforcement of the target behaviour.

MESSAGE-LEARNING APPROACH

first proposed by U.S. psychologist Carl I. Hovland (1912 - 1961) which implies that a change in attitude can be

MITWELT

was first proposed by Ludwig Binsvvanger (1881 - 1966), a Swiss existentialist psychologist who argued that the aspect of dasein

MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING

in the context of psychotherapies, multicultural counselling is a type of therapy which takes into account both racial and ethnic

NEGATIVE AFFECT

is an internal feeling or emotion which is typically experienced after one has failed to complete a task or goal,

NIGHTMARE

is a dream which is characterized as being frightening or disturbing to the individual which can induce feelings of fear,

OBJECTIVITY

1. the propensity to base decisions and perceptions on exterior information instead of on subjective aspects, like private emotions, beliefs,

ORGANIC

adjective. 1. designating a state or illness which is essentially somatic or physical, as compared to operational or psychogenic. 2.

OVERSHADOWING

noun. with regard to Pavlovian conditioning, a lessening in conditioning with one conditioned stimulant because of the existence of another