Substance Abuse Disorders

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MITWELT

was first proposed by Ludwig Binsvvanger (1881 - 1966), a Swiss existentialist psychologist who argued that the aspect of dasein

MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING

in the context of psychotherapies, multicultural counselling is a type of therapy which takes into account both racial and ethnic

NEGATIVE AFFECT

is an internal feeling or emotion which is typically experienced after one has failed to complete a task or goal,

NIGHTMARE

is a dream which is characterized as being frightening or disturbing to the individual which can induce feelings of fear,

OBJECTIVITY

1. the propensity to base decisions and perceptions on exterior information instead of on subjective aspects, like private emotions, beliefs,

ORGANIC

adjective. 1. designating a state or illness which is essentially somatic or physical, as compared to operational or psychogenic. 2.

OVERSHADOWING

noun. with regard to Pavlovian conditioning, a lessening in conditioning with one conditioned stimulant because of the existence of another

PASSIVE LISTENING

with regard to psychotherapy and counseling, attentive listening by a counselor or therapy professional without impeding upon or disrupting the

PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACY

postulated by Albert Bandura as a primary determinant of emotional and motivational conditions and behavioral change, a person's subjective comprehension

PERTURBATION

noun. 1. an anxious or stressful cognitive state. With regard to the framework of a complete or tried suicide, it

PLACEBO EFFECT

a clinically substantial reaction to a therapeutically inert compound or non-particular remediation. It is now recognized that placebo effects comes

DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN

A pattern revealed by a population variable such as birth and death rates, income, medical health etc.

DIAGNOSTIC OVERSHADOWING

The failure to see a problem because the symptoms are attrinuted to another disability. See dual dignosis.

DIRECTIONALITY PROBLEM

A problem with 2 variables where the cause and effect is not known.

DISORGANIZED OFFENDER

An offender who approaches his criminal activities in a frenzied and impulsive manner. Compare organised offender.

DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS

The theory that schizophrenia is caused by an excess of dopamine in the brain. See glutamate hypothesis.

DYSFUNCTION

Any disturbance, deficiency or impairment of function or behaviour.

EGO-DEFENSIVE FUNCTION OF AN ATTITUDE

The role that an attitude plays in maintaining and enhancing our self esteem.

EMOTIONAL REGULATION

The ability we have to modulate emotions.

ENRICHMENT

Enhancing, improving or augmenting a desirable quality or component.