ARTICULATION DISORDER
refers to any disorder of speech involving the substitution, omission, distortion, or addition of basic speech sounds (phonemes). See also…
ARTICULATION INDEX
an index used to measure speech intelligibility within a given operational environment. It reflects and measures the degree of separation…
ARTICULATION TEST
1. the phonetic recording and analysis of the speech of an individual with faulty sound production. This is conducted according…
ARTICULATOR
n. any element of the vocal tract (e.g., lips, tongue, soft palate) that are involved in articulation - that is…
ARTICULATORY LOOP
in models of working memory, a dedicated memory store that holds auditory information. If, for example, one tried to memorize…
ARTICULATORY PHONETICS
the branch of phonetics relating to the physiology of the articulatory mechanisms in human beings and the unique physical properties…
ARTICULATORY STORE
a component of short-term memory that retains only auditory information. This is based on the motor systems involved in pronouncing…
ARTICULATORY SUPPRESSION
a method requiring the participant to perform a distracting verbal task, such as counting or naming, during the retention period…
ARTIFACT IN ASSESSMENT
an extraneous factor affecting the results of an assessment or evaluation - particularly one associated with the examiner and examinee.…
ARTIFACT IN RESEARCH
an extraneous and unintended factor affecting the results of research, especially one associated with the researcher (e.g., expectations, personality) or…
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI)
the use of medical or surgical techniques to achieve conception by introducing sperm into the female reproductive system by artificial…
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
a sub discipline of computer science that aims to produce programs and articles that simulate human intelligence. AI researchers often…
ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGE
any language or language-like system that is not thought to be a natural language. This includes invented languages, such as…
ARTIFICIAL LIFE
a research area of artificial intelligence, whereby computer-based life forms are generated. Such forms, as first proposed by Austrian-born U.S.…
ARTIFICIAL PUPIL
an artificial aperture placed by a doctor, that limits the amount of light entering the eye.
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION
human intervention in animal or plant reproduction to improve the value or utility of succeeding generations of the species. Compare…
ARTIFICIALISM
the assumption that anything that exists must have been made by a conscious entity, such as God or a human…