A

n23

ASSISTIVE LISTENING DEVICE

a device used by a person with hearing loss to emphasize a single specific type of sound. Unlike conventional hearing

ASSOCIATIONISM

n. the theory that complex mental processes, such as thinking, learning, and memory, can be mainly explained by the associative

ASSORTATIVE MATING

a type of mating behavior in which mates are chosen based on specific traits (e.g., attractiveness, similarity of body size

ASTROCYTE

a star-shaped glial cell (see neuroglia) that is involved in numerous processes (extensions) that run in all directions. The processes

ASYNDETIC THINKING

distorted or disjointed thought processes in which ideas and images are fragmented or unconnected with each other. It is prevalent

ATHETOSIS

n. refers to slow, involuntary, recurrent movements, typically in the fingers, toes, or arms, due to lesions in the extra

ATRIUM

n. in anatomy, this refers to a body cavity or chamber, for example, the two upper chambers of the heart.

ATTENTION

n. a state of awareness in which the senses are focused exclusively and selectively on aspects of the environment. Therefore,

ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER (ADD)

a former and still commonly used name for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, as defined by the DSM-IV.

ATTITUDE THERAPY

a treatment that emphasizes the evaluation of current attitudes in terms of the origins of the attitudes, the purpose these

ATTRIBUTION ERROR

refers to a bias in ascribing motives to behaviors or causes to outcomes. See also fundamental attribution error- group attribution

ATYPICAL IMPULSE-CONTROL DISORDER

in the DSM-lll, this represented a category of impulse-control disorders. In the DSM-IV-TR these are labeled impulse-control disorders not otherwise

AUDING

n. refers to a level of auditory reception that involves hearing, listening, and the general comprehension of information.

AUDITORY BLENDING

the ability to synthesize the individual sounds (phonemes) of a word so that the whole word can be comprehended or

AUDITORY MASKING

a reduction in the ability to detect, discriminate, or recognize a specific sound (the signal or target) due to interferences

AUDITORY TRAINING

a type of therapy that helps people with hearing loss to distinguish sounds and understand spoken language. The therapy teaches

AUTHENTICITY

1. the quality of being genuine and true to one's own values2. in psychotherapy and counseling, a valued characteristic of

AUTO- (AUT-)

1. a reference to the self (e.g., autobiography). 2. may refer to self-caused (e.g., autohypnosis).

AUTOFLAGCLLATION

n. refers to sexual pleasure that is derived from striking, whipping, or beating oneself in some manner.

AUTOMATED SPEECH RECOGNITION (ASR)

the recognition of human speech by means of a computer-based process. Recognition in this context is assessed via the written