Neurology

n23

ARBITRARY INFERENCE

a cognitive error whereby a person draws a conclusion that is either unrelated to or contradicted by the evidence at

ARTIFICIALISM

the assumption that anything that exists must have been made by a conscious entity, such as God or a human

ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING

a type of learning in which bonds are formed between varying element of the materials. In different learning theories, these

ATTENTION

n. a state of awareness in which the senses are focused exclusively and selectively on aspects of the environment. Therefore,

ATYPICAL DEPRESSION

a major depressive episode or dysthymic disorder that is characterized by unusual features.

AUDITORY SYSTEM

the entirety of the biological structures and processes responsible for hearing. Overall, the peripheral auditory system, or auditory periphery, includes

AUTONOMIC HYPERACTIVITY

arousal of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which results in physiological symptoms like anxiety and fear (e.g., sweating, palpitations, dry

AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING

refers to the establishment of a pattern of behavior that prevents, postpones, or reduces the frequency of aversive stimulation. In

BANDING

n. refers to an approach to setting cutoff scores in personnel selection. Initially, several ranges of scores known as score

BEHAVIOR GENETICS

n. a field of study which focuses on the role of genetics in human behavior. It examines behavior patterns which

BEHAVIORAL PLASTICITY

n. the capacity and degree to which human behavior can be altered by environmental factors such as learning and social

BILATERAL SYMMETRY

n. in anatomy, refers to a symmetrical arrangement of body parts such that either half (left or right) is an

BIOLOGICAL FACTOR

n. Anything which affects the function and behavior of a living organism. Internally, this factor can be a physical, physiological,

BIVARIATE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

n. in statistics, refers to a two-way frequency distribution which can be represented through a graph or table. Either way,

BONDING

n. a process of forming strong attachments or close relationships with a significant other. These ties are fostered between couples,

BRIGHTNESS

n. in visual perception, refers to a state of enhanced light intensity. Being the source of light, the stimulus is

CANNON-BARD THEORY

n. a theory which attempts to explain the emotional state and its expression. It asserts that emotions are a result

CATECHOLAMINE HYPOTHESIS

n. a hypothesis which suggests that a deficiency in catecholamines, such as neurotransmitters in the brain, could cause a chemical

CEILING EFFECT

n. the inadequacy of a test to measure the true ability and intelligence of a child. Each intelligence or achievement

CONCEPTUAL CLASSIFICATION

with regard to classifying tasks, the gathering together of things on the premise of their similar operations or belonging to