PROBABILITY LEARNING
Probability learning is a principle that states the probability of a response tends to reflect the probability of the reinforcement.
PROGRAM EVALUATION
Program evaluation is the application of social research tools that contribute to decisions on installation, continuation, expansion, certification or modification…
PSYCHIC DETERMINISM
Psychic determinism is the position (most commonly credited to Freud) that psychic events occur because of an underlying cause that…
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFICIT
Any cognitive, emotional or behavioral performance of an individual that is below average.
PSYCHOPHYSICAL FUNCTION
Also known as psychometric function, psychophysical function is the mathematical relationship comparing the strength of a stimulus and the strength…
PUPILLOMETRICS (PUPILOMETRICS)
The science involved with the measurement of the pupil of the eye. In psychology, a research method that notes the…
RANDOM SAMPLING
Selecting individuals for a study by selecting them from a larger potential group. To be random, each is chosen in…
REACTION TIME (RT)
The time that passes between the introduction of a stimulus and the reaction by the subject to that stimulus.
REALITY CONFRONTATION
An act on behalf of the therapist in which the client is asked to consider the possibilty that he or…
RECOGNITION
A sense of familiarity when encountering people, events or objects that have previously been encountered. It also pertains to material…
REFLECTED APPRAISALS
Feedback for evaluation which a subject acquires from other individuals. See also: looking-glass self.
RELATIONAL LEARNING
Understanding how to differentiate between stimuli using relational properties rather than absolute properties.
REMOTE ASSOCIATION
Correlation among items in a list or series, along with another item which is not adjacent to the list.
RESIDUAL ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER
A condition listed in DSM-III; child having been diagnosed with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed at a later date as…
RESTATEMENT
In a therapy situation, a therapist or counselor will repeat or rephrase a subject's own words to make certain that…
REVERBERATORY CIRCUIT
Neural circuits which as essentially always active, allowing impulses to repeatedly circulate after having been triggered by an initial stimulus…
ROD-AND-FRAME TEST (RFT)
An assessment employed to research the function of optical and gravitational signals in estimating the visual vertical. This is the…
ROTE REHEARSAL
Saying material repeatedly to oneself as a method of committing it to mind, especially with regard to a telephone number,…
SCAFFOLDING
Epistemological method of embodied cognition , wherein the environment that an agent functions within is observed as a sine qua…