Substance Abuse Disorders

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OVERJUSTIFICATION EFFECT

a paradoxical effect wherein praising an individual for their performance can generate lower, instead of higher, strife and achievement. It

PASSIVE AVOIDANCE

a form of operant conditioning wherein the person must abstain from a graphic act or reaction which will generate a

PERCEIVED BEHAVIORAL CONTROL

the degree to which an individual believes an action is under their active management.

PERSPECTIVE

noun. 1. the capacity to observe items, occurrences, and ideas in realistic proportions and unions. 2. the capacity to perceive

PILOT TESTING

the assessment of some factor of the research materials or procedure utilized in a pilot study.

DELUSION

An improbable and personal belief system or idea that is not seen in a persons culture. See bizarre delusion- encalsulated

DIAGNOSTIC CENTER

A facility able to evaluate a person's condition.

DIRECT COPING

The active and focused confrontation and management of a tressful situation.

DISORDER

A group of systems that can involve abnormal behaviour, intense or persistent stress or the disruption of a function. See

DIVORCE

The legal dissolution of a marriage. See emotional divorce.

DYNAMIC PSYCHOLOGY

1. Any system of psychology that looks at drive and motivation. 2. Theory of psychology emphasising causation and motivation relating

EGOCENTRIC SPEECH

Speech not directed at others or where there is no attempt to change thoughts or to take into account another

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Intelligence involving the ability to process emotional information. See quotient.

ENABLER

The person who passively permits or unwittingly encourages negative behaviour.

ESTABLISHING OPERATION

Any event or procedure that changes the efficacy of a stimulus as a punisher or reinforcer.

EXPECTANCY EFFECT

The effect of a person's expectations about another person's behaviour on the behaviour of the person. See experimenter expectancy effect.

EXTERNAL VALIDITY

The extent that research can be generalized beyond the results to other situations or people.

LIFESTYLE

the way in which a group or individual prefers to live which then becomes characteristic of that group or person.

MANIPULATION

The conscious and deliberate misleading of an individual by another individual either directly or indirectly in order to achieve a

MEDIATED GENERALIZATION

is when a conditioned response is actioned by a stimuli which is entirely different from but still associated with the