Substance Abuse Disorders

a87

DIAGNOSTIC OVERSHADOWING

The failure to see a problem because the symptoms are attrinuted to another disability. See dual dignosis.

DIRECTIONALITY PROBLEM

A problem with 2 variables where the cause and effect is not known.

DISORGANIZED OFFENDER

An offender who approaches his criminal activities in a frenzied and impulsive manner. Compare organised offender.

DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS

The theory that schizophrenia is caused by an excess of dopamine in the brain. See glutamate hypothesis.

DYSFUNCTION

Any disturbance, deficiency or impairment of function or behaviour.

EGO-DEFENSIVE FUNCTION OF AN ATTITUDE

The role that an attitude plays in maintaining and enhancing our self esteem.

EMOTIONAL REGULATION

The ability we have to modulate emotions.

ENRICHMENT

Enhancing, improving or augmenting a desirable quality or component.

ETHICS

1. Branch of philosophy investigating the nature and content of moral judgements. Also called moral philosophy. 2. Principles of mporaaly

EXPERIMENT

The series of observations under controlled conditions used to study relationships to draw a causal inference.

EXTERNALIZERS

A person who believes their behaviour and reactions are determined by external events beyond their control.

LINEAR CAUSATION

a simple explanation of the cause and effect hypothesis in that a simple event will have been caused by a

MANNERISM

a habitual facial expression or movement classed as characteristic of an individual.

MEDICAL AUDIT

is the systematic and usually thorough evaluation of the entire diagnostic, treatment processes and the caring general process of an

METABOLISM

was first proposed by German physiologist Theodor Schwann (1810 - 1882) and is defined as the least number of physical

MIXED-STANDARD SCALE

is a test of behaviour evaluation. Participants are presented with a selection of behaviours and asked to evaluate them based

MULTIDETERMINED BEHAVIOR

describes behaviours of any individual which are considered to be influenced by more than one variable such genetics and environmental

NEGATIVE ATTITUDE

in the context of psychotherapy, a negative attitude is the feeling of negativity from the therapist towards the client.

NONCONTINGENT REINFORCEMENT

the procedure or scenarios wherein a stimulant recognized to be effective as a supporter existed independently of any specific behaviors.

OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

a study based upon direct viewing of partakers wherein the experimenter passively views the actions of the partakers without any