Substance Abuse Disorders

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OVERINCLUSION

noun. failure of a person to remove non-successful or improper reactions correlated with a specific stimulant.

PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

a kind of observational technique wherein a trained viewer enters the group under analysis as a member, while avoiding a

PEER REVIEW

the assessment of scientific or academic piece, like research or written pieces turned into journals for publishing, by other skilled

PERSONALITY TRAIT

a fairly steady, reliable, and enduring interior characteristic which is inferred from a trend of actions, outlooks, feelings, and habits

PILOT STUDY

a preemptive research project modeled to assess and change procedure in readying for a subsequent and more complex research project.

DELINQUENCY

Any behaviour that violates social rules and conventions. See juvenile delinquency.

DEVIANT BEHAVIOR

Any behaviour that deviates from the group. Also called deviance.

DIRECT AGGRESSION

Aggressive behaviour towards a source of anger or frustration. Compare displaced aggression.

DISJUNCTIVE TASK

A task or project of a group that is completed when a single solution is adopted by the group. Compare

DIVERGENT THINKING

Thinking that formulates new solutions to problems. Compare convergent thinking.

DYNAMIC FORMULATION

The attempt to organise a clients information so the therapist can better treat and understand the client.

EGO WEAKNESS

Psychoanalytical theory. The ability of the ego to control impulses and to tolerate frustration, disappointment and stress. Compare ego strength.

EMOTIONAL INSULATION

Defense mechanism. Where indifferent and detached responses are made in frustrating situations.

EMPTY ORGANISM PSYCHOLOGY

Behavioural psychology. Attempts to predict and control behaviour based on external observable stimulus and reinforcement conditions.

ESCAPISM

The tendency a person has to escape from the real world to one of delight or security.

EXPECTANCY

1. Behavioural psychology. The state where an organism anticipates an event based on previous experience. 2. Cognitive psychology. Mental set

EXTERNAL CONTROL

The belief that one's experience and behaviour are determined by luck, circumstances, other people and external factors. Compare internal control.

LIFE-HISTORY METHOD

an interview which takes a structured approach to obtaining historical data about events when evaluating an individuals current functioning.

MANIFESTATION

An indication of the onset of a condition or complex.

MECHANISM

is an umbrella term for a variety of different meanings. In terms of processes and systems, a mechanism is a