Substance Abuse Disorders

a87

ENABLER

The person who passively permits or unwittingly encourages negative behaviour.

ESTABLISHING OPERATION

Any event or procedure that changes the efficacy of a stimulus as a punisher or reinforcer.

EXPECTANCY EFFECT

The effect of a person's expectations about another person's behaviour on the behaviour of the person. See experimenter expectancy effect.

EXTERNAL VALIDITY

The extent that research can be generalized beyond the results to other situations or people.

LIFESTYLE

the way in which a group or individual prefers to live which then becomes characteristic of that group or person.

MANIPULATION

The conscious and deliberate misleading of an individual by another individual either directly or indirectly in order to achieve a

MEDIATED GENERALIZATION

is when a conditioned response is actioned by a stimuli which is entirely different from but still associated with the

MENTORING

is the communication of knowledge between two people typically on a one to one basis between a mentor and their

MITIGATING FACTOR

is a factor or fact, in the context or a crime or convicted defendant which supports an argument for a

MOTIVE

is a reason which is offered as an explanation for a specific behaviour or act completed by an individual.

NEGATIVE ADAPTATION

is the gradual loss of feeling or effectiveness due to prolonged stimulation.

NEW-LOOK THEORY OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCE

was first proposed by U.S. psychologists Joel Cooper and Russel H. Fazio who suggested a version of the already established

OBJECTIVE TEST

an examination modeled to induce a particular response, accurate or inaccurate. A true or false examination is one instance of

OPTIMISM

noun. the outlook that things occur for the best and that individual's hopes or goals will eventually be satisfied.

OVERLOAD

noun. a psychological state wherein scenarios and encounters are so mentally, perceptually, and emotionally arousing that they drain or even

PASSIVE DECEPTION

the withholding of specific data from research-engaged parties, like not making them aware of the entire details of the study.

PERCEIVED SELF

the subjective appraisal of private factors which one renders to their self.

PERSUASION

noun. an active strife by one individual to alter another individual

PLACEBO

noun.1. a pharmacologically inert compound which is frequently delivered as a control in testing new drugs. Placebos utilized in double-blind

DELUSION OF REFERENCE

A false conviction that actions and eventshave a relation to yourself. See idea of reference.