Substance Abuse Disorders

a87

NAIVE PERSONALITY THEORIES

are ideas about a person or object which are normally held implicitly rather than explicitly. They are a collection of

NEGATIVISM

is a characteristic associated with a variety disorders. Negativism otherwise is the persistent resistant to suggestions of others, even when

NULL HYPOTHESIS

the statement postulating an experiment will find no variations between the control and experimental states, which is, no union between

OPERANT BEHAVIOR

behavior which generates an impact upon the surroundings and whose probability of happening again is influenced by consequences. Operant behavior

OVERCORRECTION

noun. With regard to therapy, a method utilized whenever a client shows improper behavior, wherein the therapy professional asks the

PARADOXICAL TECHNIQUE

a therapeutic method wherein a patient is guided by the therapy professional to keep engaging in unfavored symptomatic behavior, and

PEER COUNSELING

counseling by someone who has a status equal to that of the patient.

PERSONAL ORIENTATION INVENTORY (POI)

an inventory aimed to measure self-actualization. It contains 150 objects which each consist of two statements depicting values or actions.

PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE

the condition of someone who has repeatedly ingested a drug and will encounter undesirable physiological symptoms if they discontinue use

DEFECTOLOGY

Russian psychology. The area dealing with learning disabilities and abnormal psychology.

DETERIORATION EFFECT

After partcipating in psychotherapy this is the adverse or negative outcome from it.

DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF LOW RATE (DRI)

Reinforcement when response to stimuli is low. Also called differential reinforcement of long response times.

DISENGAGED FAMILY

A family with memberswithdrawn from each other both emotionally and psychologically.

DISSENT

1. Disagreement with the majority of opinion. 2. Disagreement with governement policies. See civil disobedience- passive resistance.

DUAL PROCESS MODELS OF PERSUASION

A persuasion theory saying that change in attitude can result from strategies for processing attitude relevant information involving a high

EFFICACY

1.The competence of behavioural performance with reference to a person's perception of performance capabilities. 2. Pharmacology. Dealing with dose relationship.

EMOTIONAL HANDICAP

Learning or behavioural disorder with fears and anxieties preventing a child from functioning socially or academically.

EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE

1. Philosophy. Knowledge gained from experience. 2. Sciences. Knowledge gained from experiment and observation. See empiricism.

ERROR OF EXPECTATION

The error that arises from a preconceived idea.

EXCITATION-TRANSFER THEORY

Aggressive rsponses are intensified by arousal from other stimuli not directly related to the original stimulus that started the aggression.