a typical withdrawal indicator which manifests after cessation or lessening of prolonged, significant opioid intake. At least three of the following are necessary for a DSM-lV-TR diagnosis of opioid withdrawal: (i) muscle aches- (ii) vomiting or nausea (iii) dysphoric moods- (iv) rhinorrhea or lacrimation- (v) dilation of the pupils, piloerection, or perspiring- (vi) diarrhea- (vii) yawning- (viii) fever- (ix) trouble falling/staying asleep
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